____ 1. Which of the following was a result of the agricultural revolution?
a.
Many small farmers became tenant farmers or moved to cities.
b.
Enclosures became landmarks of wealthy landowners.
c.
Landowners experimented with new agricultural methods.
d.
All of the above are true.
____ 2. What was the main cause of the process of urbanization that occurrred in 19th-century Britain and elsewhere in western Europe?
a.
poor crop yields
b.
industrialization
c.
improved living conditions in cities
d.
more efficient transportation systems
____ 3. How did landowners and aristocrats view wealthy members of the middle class?
a.
regarded highly
b.
looked down upon
c.
as equals
d.
as outcasts
____ 4. What did Britain do in order to keep industrial secrets from the United States?
a.
blockaded the United States from engaging in international trade
b.
sent messengers with misleading information to the United States
c.
forbade engineers, mechanics, and toolmakers from leaving the country
d.
charged impossible fees for the secrets to industrialization
____ 5. What was the benefit of being a stockholder in a corporation?
a.
complete ownership of branch corporations
b.
free goods produced by the corporation
c.
not personally responsible for its debts
d.
all of the above
____ 6. Which of the following is an example of a reform movement?
a.
abolition of slavery
b.
women's rights
c.
public education
d.
all of the above
____ 7. In early 19th century Europe, the liberals wanted
a.
to limit the influence of business leaders and merchants.
b.
to protect the traditional monarchies of Europe.
c.
to give more power to elected parliaments.
d.
to abolish formal government and replace it with anarchy.
____ 8. Nationalism was a force that
a.
tore apart centuries-old empires.
b.
gave rise to the nation-state.
c.
was opposed by conservatives.
d.
all of the above
____ 9. Mary Shelley wrote
a.
an early gothic horror story about a monster created from corpses.
b.
realistic stories about everyday life in the coal mines of Yorkshire.
c.
Novels that showed the struggle of middle-class individuals against society.
d.
a novel about two star-crossed lovers who live on the moors of England.
____ 10. One of romanticism's first composers was
a.
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
b.
Ludwig van Beethoven
c.
Joseph Turner
d.
Johann Sebastian Bach
____ 11. During the Reign of Terror, who was safe from the guillotine?
a.
no one
b.
the nobility
c.
known revolutionaries
d.
only Maximilien Robespierre
____ 12. What was Napoleon able to accomplish during peacetime?
a.
He set up government-run public schools.
b.
He set up a comprehensive system of laws.
c.
He established a fairer tax code.
d.
All of the above are true.
____ 13. Why did Napoleon attack Portugal?
a.
to force Portugal to trade with France
b.
to enforce the terms of the Continental System
c.
to prove he was stronger than the Pope
d.
All of the above are true.
____ 14. Which of the following was an important goal of the Congress of Vienna?
a.
to destroy France
b.
to execute Napoleon by guillotine
c.
to establish a balance of power in Europe
d.
to establish Vienna as the new capital of Europe
Choose the letter of the best answer.
____ 15. The idea of a direct democracy is explained in
a.
A Vindication of the Rights of Woman.
b.
The Social Contract.
c.
Starry Messenger.
d.
On the Spirit of Laws.
____ 16. European art of the 1600s and early 1700s was dominated by a grand, ornate style called
a.
neoclassical.
b.
classical.
c.
baroque.
d.
gothic.
Using the exhibit, choose the letter of the best answer.
____ 17. The heliocentric theory challenged the
a.
political scientists.
b.
observed patterns.
c.
geocentric theory
d.
mathematical theories.
____ 18. The American Revolution was influenced by
a.
British policies.
b.
political scientists.
c.
the philosophes.
d.
all of the above.
____ 19. What concept was the belief in "divine right" used to support?
a.
absolute rule
b.
freedom of religion
c.
separation of church and state
d.
waging war for religious purposes
____ 20. Which war was sparked by religious conflict and resulted in the increased power of France, the weakening of Spain and Austria, and the devastation of Germany?
a.
the Seven Years' War
b.
the Thirty Years' War
c.
the War of the Spanish Succession
d.
the War of the Austrian Succession
____ 21. What was the main cause of the eight civil wars that were fought in France between 1562 and 1598?
a.
class differences
b.
economic hardship
c.
religious differences
d.
the lack of a clear heir to the throne
____ 22. Why did Peter the Great build the city of St. Petersburg?
a.
He wanted a city named after himself so that he would be remembered.
b.
He wanted a city on a seaport that would make it easier to travel to the West.
c.
He didn't like Moscow, so he decided to build a new city.
d.
He wanted to build a city that was just like the European cities he visited.
____ 23. What was the main economic activity in New France?
a.
finding gold and spices
b.
building a fur trade
c.
finding religious freedom
d.
creating long-term colonial investments
____ 24. Who conquered the Aztec empire?
a.
Hernando Cortés
b.
Francisco Pizarro
c.
Ferdinand Magellan
d.
Vasco Núñez de Balboa
____ 25. Where in the Americas did Christopher Columbus land first?
a.
an island in the Caribbean Sea
b.
the southern tip of South America
c.
the coast of what is today Panama
d.
the eastern coast of North America
____ 26. What did the encomienda system provide for New Spain?
a.
more land
b.
more settlers
c.
military protection
d.
a cheap labor source
____ 27. During the 1500s, what was China's official trade policy?
a.
China openly traded with all European countries.
b.
Only the government was allowed to trade with foreign countries.
c.
China traded only with Japan and other Asian countries.
d.
The government lowered taxes to promote trade.
____ 28. What did Hongwu do first to help China become a dominant power?
a.
He sent explorers to western Europe to learn about science and medicine.
b.
He overthrew the Mongols and established the Ming Dynasty.
c.
He reduced government expenses and lowered taxes.
d.
He opened all ports to trade with European countries.
____ 29. What type of policy did Japan institute to control foreign ideas?
a.
a closed country policy
b.
a policy of persecution
c.
a policy of colonization
d.
a Zen Buddhist policy
____ 30. Why did Great Britain establish a penal colony in Australia?
a.
to claim it before the Americans could
b.
to further their industrialization overseas
c.
to have a trading colony close to Asia
d.
to relieve overcrowding in English prisons
____ 31. To which country did the most Irish emigrants go during the Great Famine?
a.
Canada
b.
England
c.
Australia
d.
the United States
____ 32. What did the Emancipation Proclamation do?
a.
guaranteed former slaves the right to vote
b.
forever abolished slavery in all parts of the United States
c.
declared all slaves in the Confederate states as free
d.
all of the above
____ 33. What concept is the theory of evolution based on?
a.
special creation
b.
natural selection
c.
manifest destiny
d.
power of the subconscious
____ 34. What were Desiderius Erasmus and Thomas More?
a.
German painters
b.
Flemish painters
c.
patrons of the arts
d.
Christian humanists
____ 35. Luther protested the practice of selling indulgences. What was that practice?
a.
Clergy members bought indulgences to reach higher offices.
b.
The clergy sold pardons that released people from performing penalties for their sins.
c.
Charles V told his people that buying indulgences was a way to earn a way to heaven.
d.
Indulgences permitted priests to marry and have children.
____ 36. Who declared himself the head of the English Church?
a.
Henry VIII
b.
John Knox
c.
Martin Luther
d.
Emperor Charles V
____ 37. Who was the important Catholic Reformer who founded the Jesuit order?
a.
Katarina Zell
b.
Girolamo Savonarola
c.
Ignatius of Loyola
d.
Pope Paul III
____ 38. What was the impact of the steam engine on the production of British goods?
a.
It enabled the mining industry to work more efficiently without the need for workers.
b.
It allowed small ferries to monopolize the transport of raw materials through English canals.
c.
It launched the railway age that brought the transportation of people and materials to a new level.
d.
All of the above are true.
____ 39. How did the Industrial Revolution affect cities?
a.
It created technology to clean them.
b.
It made them lose valuable sources of food.
c.
It made the population grow faster than the housing supply.
d.
It made the crime rate drop.
____ 40. In what way did the new middle class change British society?
a.
The power structure in London shifted from the city to the country.
b.
The middle class became the new ruling class in society.
c.
Aristocrats and wealthy landowners looked down on the middle class.
d.
Some members of the middle class achieved top positions in society.
____ 41. Which of the following was a key idea in the free-market system?
a.
protect the nation's industries from foreign competition
b.
establish minimum wages and maximum working hours
c.
give government complete control of the means of production
d.
refuse to interfere in either domestic or international economic matters
____ 42. Which of the following statements would Otto von Bismarck probably NOT agree with?
a.
It is the destiny of the weak to be devoured by the strong.
b.
A ruler should never violate the constitution of his or her country.
c.
Military force should be used to achieve political gain.
d.
Manufacturing political "incidents" is acceptable if it achieves a worthy goal.
____ 43. How did music change during the Romantic period?
a.
It became more structured.
b.
It lost popularity.
c.
It focused on creating impressions of a moment.
d.
It became a part of middle-class life.
____ 44. About what percent of France's population belonged to the First and Second Estates?
a.
2
b.
10
c.
50
d.
98
____ 45. Which group imposed the Reign of Terror?
a.
the Second Coalition
b.
the Committee of Public Safety
c.
the National Assembly
d.
the king's Swiss guard
____ 46. What was one important consequence of the Battle of Trafalgar?
a.
Portugal became part of the French Empire.
b.
Napoleon conquered Russia.
c.
Napoleon gave up his plans of invading Britain.
d.
Napoleon became emperor.
____ 47. Which of the following events occurred after the American Revolution?
a.
Constitutional Convention
b.
French and Indian War
c.
Stamp Act
d.
Navigation Acts
____ 48. What was Montesquieu's influence on the U.S. Constitution?
a.
public elections
b.
branches of government
c.
the Bill of Rights
d.
representatives
____ 49. How did the Baroque style and the neoclassical style differ?
a.
Baroque was used for music; neoclassical was used for painting.
b.
Baroque was used by Mozart; neoclassical was used by Bach.
c.
Baroque was grand and ornate; neoclassical was simple and elegant.
d.
All of the above are true.
____ 50. Which of the following did the Enlightenment promote?
a.
a belief in progress
b.
a more secular outlook
c.
faith in science
d.
all of the above
____ 51. What did Frederick the Great believe a ruler should be?
a.
a father to his people
b.
all-powerful and unrelenting
c.
suspicious of his advisers
d.
a military commander
____ 52. What did Suleyman the Lawgiver support?
a.
government reform and cultural achievements
b.
the military conquest of India
c.
equality for people of all faiths in his empire
d.
the conquest of Constantinople
____ 53. Why did thousands of Boers move north in the Great Trek?
a.
to escape the Zulu
b.
to escape the British
c.
to find diamonds and gold
d.
to prepare for the Boer War
____ 54. What was the main cause of inadequate food supplies in Africa during European colonization?
a.
Most of the farm land was used for mining.
b.
Native farmers were drafted into the colonial armies.
c.
Europeans used too much of the farmland as building sites.
d.
Europeans insisted on the growth of cash crops, such as cotton.
____ 55. Before the reform act of 1832, who were the only British citizens who could vote?
a.
wealthy men
b.
owners of large landholdings
c.
members of the House of Lords
d.
members of the middle and upper classes
____ 56. Which of the following political reforms occurred in New Zealand in 1893?
a.
secret ballot
b.
woman suffrage
c.
home rule
d.
all of the above
____ 57. What event provoked the secession of the Southern states from the United States?
a.
attack on Fort Sumter
b.
election of Abraham Lincoln
c.
issuance of the Emancipation Proclamation
d.
formation of the Confederate States of America
____ 58. Why was the work of Louis Pasteur important in the history of medicine?
a.
He published The Origin of Species.
b.
He discovered radium and polonium.
c.
He found that bacteria caused diseases.
d.
He created psychoanalysis.
____ 59. What was a benefit of the railroad in Britain?
a.
It encouraged people to emigrate to other countries.
b.
It eliminated hundreds of thousands of jobs.
c.
It displaced England's agricultural and fishing industries.
d.
It offered cheap transportation for materials and goods.
____ 60. How did the impact of worldwide industrialization effect the relationships between industrialized nations and non-industrialized nations?
a.
It was the driving force behind imperialism.
b.
It weakened economic ties between nations.
c.
Industrialized nations exploited their overseas colonies for slaves.
d.
All of the above are true.
____ 61. How did the philosophy of laissez-faire economics influence early industrialists?
a.
with ideas of a free-market economy governed by natural laws, not government regulations
b.
with ideas of an economy supported by tariffs on foreign goods
c.
with ideas that the elite had a responsibility to give to charities
d.
all of the above
____ 62. How were the liberation movements in Spanish South America and Brazil similar?
a.
Both were headed by José de San Martín.
b.
Both involved the Creole class.
c.
Both used violence.
d.
Both used two armies.
____ 63. Which of the following artistic styles would be used to ACCURATELY depict the oppressive working conditions of Latin Americans under Spanish control?
a.
romanticism
b.
impressionism
c.
realism
d.
Gothic horror
____ 64. Which of the following people would most likely have been a radical in the 1800s?
a.
a nobleman who is related to his country's king
b.
a prosperous land owner who owns less than 10,000 acres
c.
a wealthy business man who wants to give his country's parliament more power
d.
a poor student who has read extensively about democracy
____ 65. During the 19th century, which of the following occurred in Europe?
a.
conflict between conservative and liberal movements
b.
the resurgence of conservatives over liberals
c.
the decline of established empires
d.
all of the above
____ 66. In what way did the bourgeoisie differ from other members of the Third Estate?
a.
They believed in Enlightenment ideals.
b.
They had more political power.
c.
They were poor.
d.
They were fond of expensive clothing and elegant living.
____ 67. Which of the following did Napoleon NOT accomplish?
a.
a uniform set of laws
b.
a stabilization of the economy
c.
an expansion of freedom of speech
d.
an equal-opportunity public education system
____ 68. How did Admiral Nelson defeat the French-Spanish fleet in the Battle of Trafalgar?
a.
He ordered the British fleet to surround the French fleet.
b.
He bombed Napoleon's fleet.
c.
He divided the French fleet into smaller groups and then attacked them.
d.
He pretended to retreat and then attacked them from behind.
____ 69. What strategy did Czar Alexander I use to defeat Napoleon in Russia?
a.
endless negotiations
b.
guns and cannons
c.
frontal attack
d.
scorched-earth policy
____ 70. What was one important effect resulting from the political changes made at the Congress of Vienna?
a.
Russia and Prussia joined forces to control France.
b.
Nationalistic feelings grew in countries placed under foreign rule.
c.
Monarchs in Austria, Russia, and Prussia agreed to share power with elected officials.
d.
France managed to retain control over the Netherlands.
____ 71. How did Zacharias Janssen make Anton van Leeuwenhoek's discoveries possible?
a.
He invented the microscope.
b.
He offered Leeuwenhoek financial support.
c.
He provided valuable research information to Leeuwenhoek.
d.
He invented the thermometer.
____ 72. Which of the following men contradicted the ideas in the U.S. Constitution?
a.
Baron de Montesquieu
b.
Thomas Hobbes
c.
John Locke
d.
Denis Diderot
____ 73. In which of the following ways did the taxation problem in America differ before and after independence?
a.
Before were too many British taxes; after were not enough federal taxes.
b.
Before were too few British taxes; after were too many federal taxes.
c.
Before were too many British taxes; after were too many federal taxes.
d.
Before were too few British taxes; after were not enough federal taxes.
____ 74. Which of the following reflects the neoclassical style?
a.
a palace built in a grand and elaborately decorated style
b.
a painting rich in detail and ornate imagery
c.
a church built in a simple, elegant style
d.
dramatic organ music with a complex composition
____ 75. Which of the following were caused by the scientific revolution?
a.
the belief that the earth was an unmoving object at the center of the universe
b.
improvements in medicine and scientific instruments
c.
reliance on ancient authorities to explain the physical world
d.
the assumption that the human body was similar to the anatomy of other animals
____ 76. What problem helped to weaken the Spanish Empire?
a.
Spain experienced a period of severe inflation and heavy taxes.
b.
Spain developed a highly influential middle class and lost its nobility.
c.
Spanish kings borrowed money from England and France to finance wars.
d.
Spanish kings refused to declare bankruptcy or repay their debts.
____ 77. How did Cardinal Richelieu work to increase the power of the Bourbon monarchy?
a.
He dissolved Parliament and refused to make Puritan reforms.
b.
He executed nobles and gave their land to the middle class.
c.
He moved against the Huguenots and weakened the power of the nobles.
d.
He excluded nobles from his councils and demanded they live at court.
____ 78. What was the Thirty Years' War a conflict over?
a.
the closing of Catholic churches by Ferdinand II
b.
the alliance of Maria Theresa and the French kings
c.
the invasion of Silesia by the king of Prussia
d.
religion, territory, and power among European ruling families
____ 79. What was the significance of the English Bill of Rights?
a.
It established the group of government ministers known as the cabinet.
b.
It allowed for the bloodless overthrow of King James II.
c.
It made clear the limits of royal power.
d.
It restored power to the monarch.
____ 80. What were some of the things Peter the Great did to westernize Russia?
a.
He raised women's status and made nobles wear Western fashions.
b.
He introduced the potato and tobacco, both of which became staples.
c.
He moved the capital of Russia to Moscow, which has a seaport.
d.
He established the outdoor market and promoted the arts.
____ 81. What was one result of the loss of native lives to disease?
a.
the ruin of several tobacco and sugar cane plantations
b.
a growing tolerance between the colonists and the natives
c.
fewer battles between the colonists and natives over land
d.
a severe shortage of labor in the colonies
____ 82. What was one effect in Europe of the financial success of American colonies?
a.
The prices of goods steadily increased.
b.
The prices of goods steadily decreased.
c.
The supply of goods increased to meet demand.
d.
Both the prices and supply of goods steadily increased.
____ 83. Why was Zheng He important?
a.
He was China's first Chinese emperor.
b.
He was China's first non-Chinese emperor.
c.
He led seven Chinese overseas explorations.
d.
He overthrew the Mongol rule.
____ 84. Why was the introduction of European firearms in Japan successful?
a.
It corresponded with the end of the closed country policy.
b.
It corresponded with the warring states period of new feudalism.
c.
It corresponded with the attempts of powerful shoguns to unify Japan.
d.
It corresponded with the civil war that destroyed the old feudal system.
____ 85. What were China's main reasons for rejecting British offers of trade?
a.
British merchants refused to kowtow to the emperor.
b.
Britain wanted to be the exclusive trading partner with China.
c.
China's emperor did not like the gifts the British merchants offered.
d.
China believed it was self-sufficient and didn't need outside goods.
____ 86. Which of the following was NOT an attitude reflected by China's Forbidden City and the way it was used?
a.
the nation's isolationism
b.
the power and wealth of the emperor
c.
the importance of Confucianism in China
d.
the distinction between social classes in China
____ 87. What was the purpose of the Treaty of Tordesillas signed by Portugal and Spain?
a.
to divide up the trade routes to the East
b.
to decrease conflict over the claiming of new lands
c.
to promote cooperation in the sharing of technological advances
d.
to create an alliance that would offset Dutch domination of sea routes
____ 88. What two main reasons kept China from becoming highly industrialized?
a.
The idea of commerce offended Confucian beliefs, and taxes on manufactured goods were high.
b.
Missionaries made little impact, and policy favored agriculture.
c.
Demand for Chinese goods was low, so merchants traded grain.
d.
Merchants had to smuggle cargo to trade, and the silver that bought smuggled goods forced inflation.
____ 89. Which Mughal ruler was most like Shah Abbas in his views on cultural blending?
a.
Akbar
b.
Nur Jahan
c.
Aurangzeb
d.
Jahangir
____ 90. What did Suleyman the Lawgiver and Akbar have in common?
a.
Architecture, the arts, and literature flourished under their rule.
b.
Specially trained foreign slaves formed the core of their armies.
c.
Both appointed Hindus to high government positions.
d.
Both killed their sons to eliminate competition.
____ 91. Why did Britain take control of the Suez Canal?
a.
France traded control of the Suez Canal for control of Nigeria.
b.
Muhammad Ali considered maintaining its security a burden.
c.
Egypt could not pay its foreign debt.
d.
The British helped the Egyptians defeat French invaders.
____ 92. Why did the Maji Maji rebellion fail?
a.
East Africans lost faith in their spiritual leader moments before the battle began.
b.
German reinforcements arrived as the East Africans were about to win.
c.
Internal conflict divided East African leaders.
d.
East Africans erroneously believed that magic water would protect them from bullets.
____ 93. What happened as a result of the Sepoy Mutiny?
a.
Rights for Indians increased under British rule.
b.
The East India Company was allowed to have soldiers.
c.
The British government took direct command of India.
d.
Indians gained independence from Britain.
____ 94. What event BEST illustrates geopolitics-an interest in taking land for strategic purposes?
a.
Boer War
b.
Crimean War
c.
Sepoy Mutiny
d.
Maji Maji rebellion
____ 95. What does the phrase manifest destiny mean?
a.
Native Americans should keep all their lands from coast to coast.
b.
The American people had the right and the duty to rule North America from coast to coast.
c.
The British government should always have a say in U.S. foreign affairs, but not domestic.
d.
The United States had the right to expand its territory to any continent.
____ 96. What promise by Abraham Lincoln frightened Southern states into seceding?
a.
to stop the spread of slavery
b.
to build factories in the South
c.
to offer women the right to vote
d.
to create the Confederate States of America
____ 97. What impact did the Civil War have on the postwar American economy?
a.
The economy sagged because of widespread deaths.
b.
The war caused massive railroad expansion.
c.
The economy suffered from mass emigration.
d.
The war speeded up the pace of industrialization
Choose the letter of the best answer.
____ 98. How did Italy's location help it become the birthplace of the Renaissance?
a.
Ideas could be spread easily by means of Italy's fleet.
b.
Italy was protected from the rest of Europe by the Alps.
c.
Italy had access to Roman ruins and ancient manuscripts from Constantinople.
d.
The bubonic plague had not reached the southern tip of Europe.
____ 99. Which of the following was a major reason for the Reformation?
a.
European merchants resented paying taxes to the Church in Rome.
b.
The Church was threatening to excommunicate the king of France.
c.
The pope in Rome insisted on speaking only Latin.
d.
Martin Luther said he could interpret the Bible better than the pope.
____ 100. The Peace of Augsburg ended a war between the supporters of which two groups?
a.
England and Spain
b.
Catholic and Protestant German princes
c.
Roman Catholics and Anglicans
d.
French Catholics and Huguenots
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