____ 1. According to archaeologists, what role did Chavín sites play in their culture?
a.
They were trading centers.
b.
They were religious centers.
c.
They were manufacturing centers.
d.
They were outposts of a powerful empire.
____ 2. Where were the first advanced civilizations in South America established?
a.
in the north
b.
in the east
c.
in the west
d.
in the south
____ 3. Where were the Nazca lines created?
a.
Monte Albán
b.
Yucatán Peninsula
c.
plains of Peru
d.
Oaxaca Valley
____ 4. Which two continents did Beringia once connect?
a.
Asia and Europe
b.
Asia and North America
c.
South and Central America
d.
North and Central America
____ 5. Which crop was most important to the survival of the early Americans?
a.
bean
b.
wheat
c.
maize
d.
squash
____ 6. What are Africa's savannas?
a.
deserts
b.
jungles
c.
grassy plains
d.
coastal regions
____ 7. Where are Africa's rain forests located?
a.
in the west-central region
b.
along the southern coast
c.
along the entire west coast
d.
throughout the continent
____ 8. What was the way of life of Africa's earliest people?
a.
settled herders
b.
settled farmers
c.
nomadic farmers
d.
hunter-gatherers
____ 9. What did King Ezana of Aksum establish as the kingdom's official religion during his reign?
a.
Islam
b.
Buddhism
c.
Christianity
d.
Judaism
____ 10. What new belief helped Buddhism become popular with the masses?
a.
Stricter adherence to self-sacrifice would lead to nirvana.
b.
Many people could become Buddhas.
c.
Buddha was not a god and should not be worshipped.
d.
Buddhists no longer needed images of the Buddha.
____ 11. What encouraged the rise of the banking system in India?
a.
wealthy landowners
b.
Asoka's edicts
c.
Chandra Gupta I's government
d.
increased trade
____ 12. What did Indian civilization experience during the Gupta Empire?
a.
upheaval from frequent invasions
b.
a decline in trade between India and Africa
c.
advances in literature, art, science, and mathematics
d.
all of the above
____ 13. Buddhism spread across Asia mostly as a result of
a.
trade.
b.
conquest.
c.
missionary efforts.
d.
pilgrimages by the faithful.
____ 14. In Buddhism, the release from selfishness and pain is known as
a.
sangha.
b.
dharma.
c.
moksha.
d.
nirvana.
____ 15. Which of the following men was a ruler of Kievan Russia?
a.
Yaroslav the Wise
b.
Alexander Nevsky
c.
Ivan I
d.
Ivan III
____ 16. What was the Mongol Empire in Russia called?
a.
Ilkhanate
b.
Khanate of the Golden Horde
c.
Chagatai Khanate
d.
Delhi Sultanate
____ 17. Who were the mamelukes?
a.
Vikings who became a powerful force in the Abbasid Empire
b.
Slavs who were driven out of the Abbasid Empire
c.
Turkish slaves who became a powerful force in the Abbasid Empire
d.
Persian noblemen who were driven out of the Abbasid Empire
____ 18. What do Muslims believe about Muhammad?
a.
He was the last and greatest of the prophets.
b.
He was the only son of the one true God, Allah.
c.
He was the first and only prophet of Allah.
d.
He was a combination of god and man.
____ 19. How did the Abbasids control their large empire?
a.
through religious persecution
b.
through military governments
c.
through a strong bureaucracy
d.
through an elaborate reward system
____ 20. Who replaced the last of the "rightly guided" caliphs?
a.
Sufis
b.
Fatimids
c.
Abbasids
d.
Umayyads
____ 21. What encouraged Muslim leaders to support places of learning such as the House of Wisdom?
a.
Muhammad's emphasis on study and scholarship
b.
a desire to keep ahead of rival factions within Islam
c.
a desire to know more than the Greeks or Indians
d.
optical advances that helped a king with bad eyesight
____ 22. Which of the following was NOT an important aspect of Olmec civilization?
a.
trade
b.
the jaguar spirit
c.
stone monuments
d.
hieroglyphic writing
____ 23. Which of the following was a Mesoamerican civilization?
a.
Nazca
b.
Moche
c.
Chavín
d.
Zapotec
____ 24. What did the first inhabitants of South America rely on for their survival?
a.
the cultivation of corn, squash, and beans
b.
seafood from the Pacific Ocean and small game
c.
the regular flooding of rivers to fertilize their fields
d.
trade with the more advanced cultures of Mesoamerica
____ 25. What is one way historians can trace the patterns of migration?
a.
through the spread of religions
b.
by looking at carvings
c.
by tracing dynasties
d.
through the pattern of languages spoken
____ 26. From which region did the Bantu-speaking peoples migrate south?
a.
the region near the Red Sea
b.
the region near the Mediterranean Sea
c.
the region near the southern border of the Sahara
d.
the region near the southern border of the Kalahari Desert
____ 27. What is one result of the migrations of the Bantu-speaking peoples?
a.
There are 60 million African people who speak one of the Bantu languages.
b.
Every part of Africa has been influenced by the Bantu-speaking peoples.
c.
The continent of Africa has been completely urbanized.
d.
Territorial wars broke out, and civilizations were taken over.
____ 28. What helped the Chinese army defeat the nomadic Xiongnu?
a.
the establishment of alliances
b.
support from Indian merchants
c.
funds from the Silk Roads
d.
Wang Mang's leadership
____ 29. What did Kautilya's Arthasastra teach?
a.
nonviolence and "peace to all"
b.
how to hold a vast empire together
c.
how women can contribute to an empire
d.
religious toleration
____ 30. How did Confucian teachings define women's roles?
a.
Women are the rulers of the home.
b.
Women are socially but not politically equal to men.
c.
Women should be treated as equals to men in all areas
d.
Women should be restricted to domestic and family life.
____ 31. What did Asoka's edicts proclaim?
a.
national adherence to his religion
b.
five lessons for young men
c.
religious toleration
d.
Chandragupta Maurya's history
____ 32. After the Romans drove the last Etruscan monarch from power, they established a republic, a government in which ___.
a.
power rests with citizens who have the right to select their leaders.
b.
power rests with a small minority who are supported by the military.
c.
power rests with citizens who participate directly in law-making.
d.
power rests with the nobility and the wealthy.
____ 33. Roman rulers opposed Christianity because Christians ___.
a.
were mostly Jews.
b.
called for the overthrow of Roman rulers.
c.
ignored wealth and status.
d.
would not worship Roman gods.
____ 34. All of the following except ___ had their roots in the Latin language.
a.
Spanish
b.
German
c.
French
d.
Italian
____ 35. The Jewish Diaspora refers to ___.
a.
the destruction of the Temple in A.D. 70.
b.
the years the Jews were slaves in Egypt.
c.
Jerusalem.
d.
the forced dispersal of Jews.
____ 36. The emperor's purpose for dividing the Roman Empire was ___.
a.
to decrease the authority of the Senate.
b.
to protect the west from Greek influences.
c.
to make control of the Empire more efficient.
d.
to separate groups whose conflicts threatened unity.
____ 37. Who was driven from Greece shortly before the golden age of Athens began?
a.
the Trojans
b.
the Persians
c.
the Spartans
d.
the Macedonians
____ 38. Alexander the Great's first victories against the Persians gave him control of which region?
a.
India
b.
Egypt
c.
Babylon
d.
Anatolia
____ 39. Which of the following did Athens and Sparta have in common?
a.
They were both city-states.
b.
They were both democracies.
c.
They were both military states.
d.
They were both leaders of the Delian League.
____ 40. Which city was restored as the center of an empire 1,000 years after being the center of a different empire?
a.
Thebes
b.
Napata
c.
Nineveh
d.
Babylon
____ 41. To restore social order, harmony, and good government, Confucius believed it was necessary for society to be organized around what general category?
a.
values
b.
golden rules
c.
relationships
d.
social classes
____ 42. Which of the following is as famous for his extraordinary skills as a government administrator as for his military conquests?
a.
Darius
b.
Ramses II
c.
Shi Huangdi
d.
Nebuchadnezzar
____ 43. For which peoples were bridges, ladders, and tunnels important elements in their military successes?
a.
Persians
b.
Egyptians
c.
Assyrians
d.
Chaldeans
____ 44. The technology of iron smelting aided the Hittites because
a.
it allowed them to trade with Egypt for chariots.
b.
it gave them an alternative metal for housewares so they could use bronze for their weapons.
c.
it made strong weapons that helped them to excel at war.
d.
it was the first time they could create weapons of metal.
____ 45. The two items below that are most similar are
a.
nirvana and varnas.
b.
moksha and nirvana.
c.
ethical monotheism and Hammurabi's Code.
d.
the Ten Commandments and the Four Noble Truths.
____ 46. According to the Torah, Moses did all of the following EXCEPT
a.
lead the Hebrews out of Egypt.
b.
reveal Yahweh's commandments to the Hebrews.
c.
unify the people of Canaan into one kingdom, Israel.
d.
grow to adulthood as the adopted son of a princess.
____ 47. Jain monks wear masks over their faces
a.
to keep from breathing impurities in the air.
b.
to keep from harming even an insect.
c.
to protect each breath of atman, the soul.
d.
to show disdain for the caste system.
____ 48. The Hebrews believed that God protected them because
a.
of a covenant.
b.
of ritual sacrifice.
c.
of annual ceremonies.
d.
they are human.
____ 49. Why was the Hijrah important?
a.
Muhammad was accepted as a political leader in Medina.
b.
It was during the Hijrah that Muhammad first heard the voice of Gabriel.
c.
Muhammad sounded the call to prayer from its roof in Mecca.
d.
It was the first battle that Muhammad won.
____ 50. Which city became a hallmark of Mesoamerican civilizations, and why?
a.
Monte Albán; because it combined ceremonial grandeur with residential living space
b.
La Venta; because it was a center of trade, commerce, and religion
c.
Chavín de Huántar; because of its pyramids, plazas, and earthen mounds
d.
Tehuacan Valley; because crops flourished and the techniques of agriculture were learned there
____ 51. Why was the Chavín civilization important in Peru?
a.
It established patterns that became the basis for later civilizations.
b.
It acted as the "mother culture" of the Mesoamerican civilizations.
c.
It created a calendar system based on the movement of the sun.
d.
It was a powerful empire that overtook neighboring civilizations.
____ 52. Where did the first complex societies in the Americas begin?
a.
the area that stretches south from central Mexico to northern Honduras
b.
the Andes Mountains that stretch down the western edge of South America
c.
in the northern Andes region, in what is now Peru
d.
south of what is present-day Mexico City in the Tehuacan Valley
____ 53. Which of the following events is an example of migration?
a.
the movement of Aksum south
b.
the spread of Christianity
c.
the development of written languages
d.
the movement of trade goods
____ 54. The Aksum civilization probably began as a blend of what two cultures?
a.
the Arab peoples and the Nok
b.
the Greeks and the Nok
c.
the Kushites and the Syrians
d.
the Arab peoples and the Kushites
____ 55. What was the basis for the power of Adulis?
a.
its location in relation to trade routes
b.
its fertile farming regions
c.
its proximity to the Mediterranean Sea
d.
its location near the paths of the Bantu migrations
____ 56. When did the kingdom of Aksum decline and fall?
a.
when it became isolated from other Christian states
b.
when it became unable to maintain its trade
c.
when it depleted its environment
d.
all of the above
____ 57. What lasting legacies did the Aksum kingdom leave?
a.
a written alphabet, a numeric system, and stone architecture
b.
a numeric system, Ethiopian Orthodox Christianity, and democracy
c.
terrace farming, a written alphabet, and the calendar
d.
Ethiopian Orthodox Christianity, stone architecture, and terrace farming
____ 58. Which of the following was NOT a goal of Asoka's edicts?
a.
nonviolence
b.
peace to all beings
c.
humane treatment of subjects
d.
national adherence to Buddhism
____ 59. What did Indians adapt from Greek invaders?
a.
modern numerals and the decimal system
b.
knowledge that the world was round
c.
Western methods of keeping time
d.
surgical techniques
____ 60. How did Wudi attempt to make his northwest border safe against nomadic invaders?
a.
He sowed the Xiongnu's pastures with salt, so that nothing would grow there.
b.
He began construction of the Great Wall.
c.
He had his soldiers settle the Xiongnu's former pastures.
d.
He closed the Silk Roads for three months.
____ 61. How did Indian astronomers prove that the earth was round?
a.
by watching the sun's reflection in a well at noon
b.
by observing a lunar eclipse
c.
through observations made while sailing around Africa
d.
through Aryabhata's calculations
____ 62. In the early Roman government, who were the consuls?
a.
the chief executives of the government
b.
the representatives of the common citizens
c.
citizens of Rome and citizens of the provinces
d.
the executive and legislative branches of government
____ 63. Which of the following is NOT true about the Roman code of laws known as the Twelve Tables?
a.
It was written down.
b.
It was publicly displayed.
c.
It gave legal protection to all citizens.
d.
It allowed for flexible interpretation of the law.
____ 64. Why did Germanic peoples invade the Roman Empire?
a.
fear of attacks by the Huns
b.
famines in northern Europe
c.
a desire to settle the frontier regions
d.
resentment over Rome's power and wealth
____ 65. Why was Augustus the most able emperor of Rome?
a.
Augustus created a system of taxation that enabled Rome to accomplish many military and governmental goals.
b.
He stabilized the frontier, erected splendid public buildings, and created an enduring government.
c.
He reigned as an absolute ruler and people felt reassured by his leadership.
d.
Augustus trained his own successor to prevent civil war after his death.
____ 66. What regions of the world today are still strongly influenced by the achievements of Rome?
a.
Europe and the Middle East
b.
Europe and the United States
c.
the Middle East and Africa
d.
Africa and the United States
____ 67. What caused the decline of Athens' golden age and the end of democracy?
a.
earthquakes
b.
military defeat
c.
corruption
d.
volcanic eruption
____ 68. How did Hellenistic sculpture differ from classical sculpture?
a.
It was more realistic and emotional.
b.
It was made from bronze, not marble.
c.
It was colossal in size.
d.
It emphasized the values of order, balance, and proportion.
____ 69. Why do archaeologists think the Trojan War actually took place?
a.
Troy still exists today but is called Istanbul.
b.
A German archaeologist found the remains of the Trojan Horse.
c.
The stories about the war in the Iliad are too realistic not to be true.
d.
An archaeologist discovered the possible remains of ancient Troy.
____ 70. What did the Kushites do after losing Egypt to the Assyrians?
a.
were either killed, forced into slavery, or sent into exile
b.
retreated from Egypt and prospered for several centuries
c.
rebuilt Babylon and established an empire in Babylonia
d.
disappeared from history
____ 71. How did Shi Huangdi unify China?
a.
by defeating invaders and crushing internal opposition
b.
by winning the loyalty of the peasants
c.
by promoting Daoism
d.
by creating alliances with former enemy powers
____ 72. What legacy did the Chaldeans leave for future generations?
a.
the hanging gardens of Babylon, which still exist
b.
records of changes in the night sky, which helped later astronomers
c.
a form of government that preserved the cultural diversity of the region
d.
all of the above
____ 73. Which of the following was a philosopher known for his emphasis on responsible relationships and respect for parents?
a.
Hanfeizi
b.
Laozi
c.
Zoroaster
d.
Confucius
____ 74. Hinduism and Buddhism differ significantly in their beliefs about
a.
reincarnation.
b.
the caste system.
c.
the cycle of history.
d.
perfect understanding.
____ 75. The Phoenicians were known for
a.
bull-leaping, painted pottery, and female-led religious ceremonies.
b.
the phonetic alphabet, the cultivation of spices, and murex.
c.
seafaring, trade, and the invention of the phonetic alphabet.
d.
shipbuilding, murex, and chariots.
____ 76. A long-term effect of the caste system in India was that
a.
dasas could not find work.
b.
the Aryans remained dominant.
c.
Hinduism increased in popularity.
d.
Buddhism decreased in popularity.
____ 77. How did feudalism in China fail in the end to fulfill its original purpose?
a.
Instead of maintaining Zhou control, it led to independent lords.
b.
Instead of protecting the lords, feudalism caused peasants to revolt.
c.
Feudalism caused a gap between rich and poor, and this led to unrest.
d.
Feudalism failed to maintain order when nomads invaded.
____ 78. What was a major advantage of the Chinese system of writing?
a.
It developed from pictographs and could be read by other peoples.
b.
People all over China could read it, even if they spoke other languages.
c.
The Chinese written language has changed very little since 200 B.C.
d.
All readers needed to know was a small number of pictographs.
____ 79. Which barrier limited the spread of the Shang Dynasty to the northwest?
a.
the Gobi Desert
b.
the Huang He River
c.
the North China Plain
d.
the Plateau of Tibet
____ 80. What geographical relationship existed between the Huang He and the Chang Jiang?
a.
They merged at Anyang.
b.
They touched.
c.
They ran roughly parallel.
d.
They crossed.
____ 81. How was China geographically isolated from influence by other civilizations?
a.
It had geographical barriers, such as the Gobi and Takla Makan deserts.
b.
It was unreachable by rivers or lakes.
c.
It was separated from other civilizations by great distances.
d.
All of the above are true.
____ 82. Political instability was caused by which of the following?
a.
the Turkish acceptance of Persian learning
b.
the rebuilding of Hagia Sophia
c.
Yaroslav's division of his realm among his sons
d.
the creation of the Justinian Code
____ 83. Russian culture was strongly influenced by
a.
the creation of the Cyrillic alphabet.
b.
the architecture in the city of Isfahan.
c.
the games at the Hippodrome.
d.
the Sunni branch of Islam.
____ 84. Marriage was used as a political tool by
a.
Yaroslav the Wise and Ivan III.
b.
Yaroslav the Wise and Saint Methodius.
c.
the mamelukes and Alexander Nevsky.
d.
Batu Khan and Alexander Nevsky.
____ 85. Orthodox Christianity became the state religion of which of the following?
a.
Byzantine Empire
b.
Western Roman Empire
c.
Seljuk Empire
d.
Mongol Empire
____ 86. The combination of church and state influenced which of the following?
a.
the Mongol invasions
b.
the Nika Rebellion
c.
Vladimir's rule
d.
the Viking journeys
____ 87. Based on the map, why were riots in the Hippodrome a threat to Justinian I?
a.
The Hippodrome was located near the Sea of Marmara.
b.
The Hippodrome was located in eastern Constantinople.
c.
The Hippodrome was located next to the Great Palace.
d.
The Hippodrome was located near the Forum of Constantine.
____ 88. Which of the following protected Constantinople from flooding?
a.
the River Lycus
b.
the Wall of Constantine
c.
the Harbor of Julian
d.
the Sea Wall
____ 89. How do the Five Pillars help Muslims submit to Allah's will?
a.
by helping them focus on Allah, Muhammad, and learning
b.
by helping them focus on Allah, the poor, and learning
c.
by helping them focus on Allah, military training, and learning
d.
by helping them focus on Allah, Muhammad, and the poor
____ 90. What was NOT true of the Muslim class system?
a.
All Muslims were considered first-class citizens.
b.
Some class mobility existed with conversion to Islam.
c.
Non-Muslims formed the third class.
d.
The fourth class was composed of slaves.
____ 91. How did Muslim scholars help preserve European culture?
a.
by halting 100 miles from Paris instead of conquering it
b.
by exempting European scholars from paying taxes
c.
by translating works of Aristotle and Plato
d.
by building the Great Mosque at Córdoba
____ 92. What was the main difference between the Sunni and Shi'a branches of Islam?
a.
The Shi'a did not outwardly oppose Umayyad rule.
b.
Sunni named their caliphate after Muhammad's daughter.
c.
Shi'a believed that the caliph needed to be a relative of Muhammad.
d.
Sunni wanted to return to the elective system of choosing a caliph.
____ 93. The Qur'an and what other work form the shari'a, or body of Islamic law?
a.
the Five Pillars
b.
the Sunna
c.
the hajj
d.
the Hijrah
____ 94. What led to internal conflict in Islam after the death of Muhammad?
a.
On two separate occasions, Muhammad had named different successors.
b.
Followers could not agree on how to continue his military conquests.
c.
Some followers were pacifists who did not wish to continue military action.
d.
Muhammad had neither specified a successor nor indicated how to choose one.
____ 95. What time in the past does "prehistoric" refer to?
a.
before the invention of writing
b.
before the Neolithic Age
c.
before the establishment of civilizations
d.
before the appearance of Homo sapiens
____ 96. What important characteristic did "Lucy," the earliest hominid yet found, have?
a.
well-developed muscles
b.
prehensile tail
c.
opposable thumbs
d.
very big brain
____ 97. Which of the following is NOT a function served by the ziggurat?
a.
storage for grains, woven fabrics, and gems
b.
conducting of religious rituals
c.
the location of the city's metalworks
d.
hub of the government and storage of records
____ 98. By approximately how many degrees did the global temperature increase between the Ice Age and the beginning of agriculture?
a.
3
b.
4
c.
5
d.
6
____ 99. How much longer did the hunting-gathering stage last than did the agricultural revolution?
a.
5,000
b.
10,000
c.
20,000
d.
25,000
____ 100. What is the overall relationship among the three items in this chart?
a.
As population grew, agriculture developed and the temperature rose.
b.
As agriculture developed, temperature and population grew slowly.
c.
As temperatures rose, agriculture developed and population grew rapidly.
d.
All of the above are true.
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