Ch1&2
Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
____ 1. What caused the population growth of Indians in central Mexico about 3,500 years ago?
a. the development of distinct languages
b. the warming of Earth’s climate
c. the ability to gather nuts, berries, and roots
d. the development of agriculture
____ 2. In what kind of housing did Algonquins live?
a. teepees c. longhouses
b. wigwams d. pueblos
____ 3. Which of the following BEST describes European society in the Middle Ages?
a. Literature promoted daring new ideas.
b. Most people lived in cities.
c. European society had extremes of poverty and wealth.
d. There was a renewed interest in learning.
____ 4. During the Renaissance, the most famous travel account came from
a. Prince Henry the Navigator. c. Prince Ferdinand.
b. Marco Polo. d. Queen Isabella.
____ 5. Which of the following occurred when the climate warmed about 12,000 to 10,000 years ago?
a. The number of mammoths and other large mammals increased.
b. Ocean levels dropped to new levels.
c. Paleoindians began to rely more on hunting.
d. The environment became more diverse.
____ 6. In which area did American Indians first grow maize, beans, and squash?
a. the American Midwest c. the Caribbean coast
b. central Mexico d. the American Northeast
____ 7. Grazing animals were important to the people of the
a. Southwest. c. Great Plains.
b. Mississippi River valley. d. Eastern Woodlands.
____ 8. The political power of most American Indians was spread among
a. many local chiefs with limitless authority.
b. many local chiefs with limited authority.
c. the members of one ruling family.
d. only the shamans.
Use the timeline below to answer the question.
____ 9. About how many years passed between Mali’s rise to prominence and Mansa Musa’s reign?
a. 100 years c. 300 years
b. 200 years d. 400 years
____ 10. The Portuguese took the lead in exploration in part because they developed a type of ship called the
a. lateen. c. quadrant.
b. caravel. d. astrolabe.
____ 11. Which natural resource is found in the Sahara?
a. gold c. salt
b. silver d. water
____ 12. Which kingdom supplied the Mediterranean region with much of its gold by the eleventh century?
a. Ghana c. Benin
b. Songhai d. Timbuktu
____ 13. Which new empire had eclipsed Mali by the 1400s?
a. Ghana c. Benin
b. Songhai d. Timbuktu
____ 14. In the West African economy, land
a. belonged to individuals. c. determined one’s wealth.
b. belonged to extended kinship networks. d. could be sold or rented by peasants.
____ 15. Slavery in West Africa
a. was nearly identical to the system that would develop in the Americas.
b. was not an important part of the area’s economy.
c. was based on the notion of racial superiority or inferiority.
d. was not based on the notion of racial superiority or inferiority.
____ 16. Which European nation greatly expanded the slave trade in the 1400s and 1500s?
a. Portugal c. Italy
b. Spain d. England
____ 17. What effect did Marco Polo’s writings have on Europeans?
a. They hoped to remain isolationist.
b. They welcomed the Asians and their wealth to live in Europe.
c. They wanted to live seasonally like the Tartars, moving from one place to another.
d. They sought to involve Asians and their wealth in a renewed crusade against Islam.
____ 18. Which group dominated the trade routes south and east of Africa in the 1400s?
a. the Portuguese c. the Italians
b. the Spanish d. the English
____ 19. Christopher Columbus sought a route to China to
a. gain wealth for Italy. c. convert the Chinese to Christianity.
b. claim the region for Spain. d. accurately determine the size of Earth.
____ 20. Who explored enough of South America to deem it a new continent?
a. John Cabot c. Ferdinand Magellan
b. Amerigo Vespucci d. Pedro Alvarez Cabral
____ 21. Which of the following gave the Spanish their greatest advantage over the Indians?
a. horses c. crossbows
b. gunpowder d. diseases
____ 22. What plant or animal changed the way the Indians of the Great Plains lived?
a. domesticated sheep c. barley
b. honeybees d. horses
____ 23. What did Europeans introduce to the Americas that caused the deaths of thousands of Native Americans in the 1500s and 1600s?
a. domesticated livestock c. horses
b. gunpowder d. contagious diseases
____ 24. What group of Native Americans had a constitution that was passed down orally from generation to generation?
a. the Iroquois League c. the Great Plains villagers
b. the Anasazi d. the Mississippians
Use the map and your knowledge of social studies to answer the following questions.
____ 25. What was the most important historic difference of Cabral’s voyage compared to the other explorers?
a. Cabral sailed farther than the other two explorers.
b. Cabral sailed with fewer ships.
c. Cabral reached South America.
d. Cabral sailed to India.
____ 26. Which voyage was the first to circle the entire globe?
a. the voyage begun by Ferdinand Magellan
b. the voyage Vasco da Gamma
c. the voyage of John Cabot
d. the second voyage of Christopher Columbus
____ 27. Which place was the site of an important center of learning for the Islamic world?
a. Timbuktu c. Benin City
b. Ghana d. Kumbi Saleh
____ 28. Europeans first became involved in the slave trade with Africa when slaves were traded to explorers from
a. Italy. c. England.
b. Spain. d. Portugal.
____ 29. In the late 1400s, Spain hoped to
a. prevent the Portuguese from reaching China.
b. further explore the Atlantic Ocean.
c. prove that the world was not flat.
d. turn over their islands in the East Atlantic to Portugal.
____ 30. Columbus’s journeys to the Americas
a. helped later explorers locate a route to Asia.
b. led to a decline in European military power.
c. brought a period of peace between Europeans and Indians.
d. allowed European Christendom to grow more powerful than the Muslim world.
____ 31. Which of the following was introduced to the Americas through the Columbian exchange?
a. shellfish c. horses
b. maize d. squash
____ 32. The earlier years of the Middle Ages began with
a. the Crusades. c. the Renaissance.
b. the collapse of the Roman Empire. d. the search for new trade routes.
____ 33. Most people in Europe during the Middle Ages were
a. commoners. c. merchants.
b. aristocrats. d. church leaders.
____ 34. Which city did European Christians want to capture during the Crusades?
a. Alexandria c. Damascus
b. Constantinople d. Jerusalem
____ 35. The development of the printing press
a. raised the cost of publishing. c. discouraged the spread of new ideas.
b. slowed the spread of literature. d. increased the volume of publishing.
____ 36. The 1469 marriage of Prince Ferdinand and Queen Isabella created which nation?
a. Spain c. Aragon
b. Castile d. Portugal
____ 37. Spain explored and established colonies in the Americas in part to
a. search for gold and other riches.
b. set up farming communities with which to trade.
c. trade with Native Americans.
d. provide a safe haven for religious dissenters.
____ 38. Why did Spain colonize Florida and the Rio Grande valley?
a. Native Americans in that region wanted to trade with the Spanish.
b. The Spanish found silver and gold mines there.
c. Spain wanted to protect its colony in Mexico from other Europeans.
d. Missionaries insisted on spreading Christianity across the continent.
____ 39. Unlike the Spanish, the French
a. enslaved Native Americans.
b. took little land from Native Americans.
c. did not send missionaries to the Americas.
d. built large urban centers in their colonies.
____ 40. Robert de La Salle is noted for
a. finding the Northwest Passage.
b. exploring the St. Lawrence River.
c. claiming for France the land around the Mississippi River.
d. leading a Jesuit mission in New France.
____ 41. Why did the English settle in the Chesapeake Bay area?
a. Native Americans agreed to sell them a large amount of territory.
b. The bay offered good harbors, and the land was fertile.
c. English businessmen had heard rumors of rich gold mines.
d. The Anglican Church wanted to build missions on land that had not been colonized.
____ 42. In the 1600s, Virginia attracted many colonists because of
a. the fur trade.
b. the headright system.
c. peaceful relations with Native Americans.
d. laws respecting religious freedom.
____ 43. What was one effect of Bacon’s Rebellion?
a. Nathaniel Bacon successfully drove most Native Americans from Virginia.
b. The colonists at Jamestown fled and had to build a new settlement.
c. Governor Berkeley remained in Jamestown and reformed the government.
d. The colony’s leaders reduced farmers’ taxes and improved their access to frontier lands.
____ 44. Praying towns were organized to
a. give Puritans a place to worship.
b. force Indians to adopt English customs.
c. welcome people from many different religious backgrounds.
d. punish religious dissenters.
____ 45. The Protestant Reformation in Europe resulted in
a. the unification of Christian groups under one church.
b. popular resistance to colonization of new lands.
c. rivalry among many new religious denominations.
d. religious toleration of Indian practices in the Americas.
____ 46. Bartolomé de Las Casas worked to
a. win laws protecting Indians.
b. conquer territory in Mexico.
c. learn about Indian spiritual beliefs.
d. advance a plantation system based on Indian slave labor.
____ 47. Which of the following describes the castas in Spain’s colonies?
a. a place for religious education c. an elite group of rulers and aristocrats
b. a system of racial hierarchy d. a network of military forts
____ 48. The first enduring colonial town in what would become the United States was
a. St. Augustine. c. El Paso.
b. Santa Fe. d. Quivira.
____ 49. Why did the Pueblos revolt against the Spanish in 1680?
a. The Spanish did not protect them from the Apache.
b. The Pueblos wanted to reap the benefits of successful harvests.
c. Spanish governors encouraged them to resist missionary efforts.
d. The Pueblos suffered many losses and burdens under colonial rule.
Use the following table to answer question below.
Colony Date Established Main Reason for Founding
Virginia 1606 Trade and land
Plymouth 1620 Religious freedom
Massachusetts Bay 1630 Religious freedom
New York 1624 Trade and land
Maryland 1632 Religious freedom
Rhode Island 1636 Religious freedom
North Carolina 1663 Trade and land
South Carolina 1670 Trade and land
Pennsylvania 1681 Religious freedom
Georgia 1732 Safe place for debtors
____ 50. Push factors led to the founding of which colonies?
a. Virginia, New York, North and South Carolina, Georgia
b. Plymouth, Massachusetts Bay, Maryland, Rhode Island, Pennsylvania
c. Plymouth, New York, Maryland, Rhode Island, Pennsylvania
d. Virginia, Maryland, North and South Carolina, Georgia
____ 51. The French used Louisiana mainly as a
a. fishing ground. c. military base.
b. trading post. d. farming colony.
____ 52. The first permanent English colony in America was
a. Jamestown. c. Maryland.
b. Roanoke. d. Carolina.
____ 53. The colonists in Jamestown ultimately survived by
a. establishing more colonies along the eastern coast of North America.
b. learning to cultivate tobacco, a popular trade item in Europe.
c. negotiating with Native Americans for more land.
d. joining with Nathaniel Bacon to drive out Native Americans.
____ 54. Carolina differed from the other southern colonies by
a. remaining a proprietary colony. c. electing a representative government.
b. prohibiting slavery. d. dividing into two separate colonies.
____ 55. Georgia was initially founded as a haven for
a. French traders. c. enslaved Africans.
b. Catholics. d. English debtors.
____ 56. Puritans believed that salvation depended on
a. good behavior. c. adherence to Church rules.
b. devout prayer. d. the will of God.
____ 57. Why was the government in Massachusetts Bay Colony the most radical in colonial America?
a. Both women and men could serve in the government.
b. The male colonists elected a governor and assembly.
c. The government was guided by religious principles.
d. The colony’s constitution established a system of self-government.
____ 58. More conservative Puritans founded
a. Connecticut. c. Rhode Island.
b. Maine. d. New Hampshire.
____ 59. Which of the following resulted from King Philip’s War?
a. The colonists gave land back to the Indians.
b. The Puritans nearly eliminated the Pequots.
c. The Indians lost most of their land in southern New England.
d. The English established praying towns for the Indians.
____ 60. Which European group made no missionary effort to convert the Native Americans?
a. Dutch c. English
b. French d. Spanish
____ 61. Religious toleration in New Netherland attracted
a. masses of roaming poor. c. a diverse group of colonists.
b. a large number of Dutch aristocrats. d. many English Puritans.
____ 62. Which of the following was a push factor that encouraged people to leave England?
a. a thriving economy c. the attraction of fertile land
b. the desire for gold d. religious persecution
____ 63. In 1655, New Sweden
a. surrendered to New Netherlands.
b. was founded on the lower Delaware River.
c. survived a revolt by local Native American groups.
d. established the first elected government in the colonies.
____ 64. New York became an English colony when
a. Governor Stuyvesant left to conquer another European colony.
b. an English expedition forced Governor Stuyvesant to surrender.
c. the Duke of York left New Jersey to form a new colony.
d. the Duke of York gave land to Scottish settlers.
____ 65. What was one way in which Pennsylvania differed from Virginia?
a. Virginia’s geography was more favorable to settlement.
b. Pennsylvania cultivated peace with the local Indians.
c. Virginia’s population was much more diverse.
d. Many Pennsylvanians were aristocrats as well as craftsmen and farmers.
Use the table and your knowledge of social studies to anser the following questions.
____ 66. Which colony was split into two separate colonies in 1691?
a. Charles Town c. Georgia
b. Jamestown d. Carolina
____ 67. Who wanted to make one of England’s southern colonies into a haven for English debtors?
a. Nathaniel Bacon c. James Oglethorpe
b. Lord Baltimore d. King Charles I
Use the excerpt and your knowledge of social studies to answer the following questions.
“This city [Temixtitlan, Mexico] has many public squares, in which are situated the markets and other places for buying and selling. There is one square twice as large as that of the city of Salamanca, surrounded by porticoes, where are daily assembled more than sixty thousand souls, engaged in buying and selling; and where are found all kinds of merchandise that the world affords, embracing the necessaries of life, as for instance articles of food, as well as jewels of gold and silver, lead, brass, copper, tin, precious stones, bones, shells, snails, and feathers.”
—Hernán Cortés: from Second Letter to Charles V, 1520
____ 68. What kinds of items were found at a public square in Temixtitlan?
a. only necessities, such as food c. both necessities and jewels
b. precious metals and animal skins d. fountains and statues
____ 69. What effect did Cortéz’s successes in plundering Mexico have on later conquistadors such as Hernando de Soto and Francisco Vásquez de Corona?
a. It discouraged them from further explorations.
b. It led them to seek their own golden empires.
c. It prompted them to look elsewhere for their riches.
d. It had no effect on their explorations.
Use the excerpt and your knowledge of social studies to answer the following questions.
“. . . No person within the said colony, at any time hereafter shall be . . . punished, disquieted, or called in question, for any differences in opinion in matters of religion, and do not actually disturb the civil peace of our said colony; but that all and every person and persons may, from time to time, and at all times hereafter, freely and fully have and enjoy his and their own judgments and consciences, in matters of religious concernments . . .”
—Charter of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, July 15, 1963
____ 70. For what freedom did the Charter of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations provide?
a. freedom of religion c. right to bear arms
b. freedom of speech d. right to jury trial
____ 71. What did leaders of Rhode Island believe would happen to religion if church and state were connected?
a. Religion would become state-funded.
b. Religion would become corrupted.
c. Religion would grow at an alarming rate.
d. Religion would become more powerful than government.
Use the table and your knowledge of social studies to answer the following questions.
____ 72. Along with Quakers, what other religious groups settled in Pennsylvania?
a. Lutheran and Huguenot c. Huguenot and Anglican
b. Dutch Reformed and German Reformed d. Lutheran and German Reformed
____ 73. How did the Middle Colonies compare to the Northern and Southern Colonies?
a. The Middle Colonies were much more diverse than the Northern and Southern Colonies.
b. The Middle Colonies were more like the Southern Colonies.
c. The Middle Colonies were more like the Northern Colonies.
d. The Middle Colonies were much less diverse than the Northern and Southern Colonies.
____ 74. Which of the following distinguished the Middle Colonies from New England and the Southern Colonies?
a. prohibition of slavery c. ethnic and religious diversity
b. peace treaties with Native Americans d. representative government
____ 75. The French came to the Americas primarily to
a. challenge Spanish domination. c. look for gold and riches.
b. convert the Indians to Christianity. d. profit from the fur trade.
____ 76. For which reason was Quebec founded in 1608?
a. to repel rivals of a French company
b. to store trade goods
c. to help missionaries find converts
d. to protect the Iroquois from other Indian groups
____ 77. The French differed from the Spanish regarding their relationship with Native Americans because the French
a. needed Native Americans to work for them.
b. did not intimidate or enslave Native Americans.
c. did not build forts on Native American land.
d. used force to seize gold and other resources from Native Americans.
____ 78. For which reasons did New France grow slowly?
a. conflict with Spanish colonies, poor soil
b. conflict with English colonies, poor harbors
c. conflict with the Iroquois, poor climate
d. conflict with the Huron, poor fishing
Use the map and your knowledge of social studies to answer the following questions.
____ 79. The French helped the Montagnais and Algonkin fight the
a. Huron. c. Dutch.
b. Iroquois. d. Jesuits.
____ 80. When the French arrived in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, which groups of Native Americans were they most likely to encounter?
a. Huron and Erie c. Illinois and Miami
b. Montagnais and Fox d. Montagnais and Algonquin
Matching
Match the correct term or person with its definition. You will not use all of the terms and people.
a. migrate h. Mansa Musa
b. Mayans i. Songhai
c. adobe j. Bartolomeu Dias
d. Iroquois League k. Amerigo Vespucci
e. Middle Ages l. Moctezuma
f. Renaissance m. Columbian exchange
g. Prince Henry the Navigator
____ 81. expanded Mali’s domain and increased the role of Islam in the kingdom
____ 82. explored enough of South America’s coast to deem it a new continent
____ 83. to travel from one place to another to live
____ 84. Aztec ruler seized by Cortés’s forces
____ 85. period marked by limited trade and the absence of strong nations
____ 86. directed Portuguese efforts to sail across the Atlantic Ocean
____ 87. discerned how to use the winds of the south Atlantic to sail around southern Africa
____ 88. became the most powerful and largest kingdom in West Africa
____ 89. a ritual forum for promoting peaceful cooperation among members
____ 90. a type of sun-dried brick
Match the correct term or person with its definition. You will not use all of the terms and people.
a. House of Burgesses h. presidio
b. Roger Williams i. James Oglethorpe
c. mission j. Quakers
d. Quebec k. Lord Baltimore
e. Pilgrims l. mestizo
f. Mayflower Compact m. Puritans
g. Samuel de Champlain n. Northwest Passage
____ 91. the first permanent settlement in Canada
____ 92. the owner and governor of the Maryland Colony
____ 93. an agreement among the Pilgrims to form a government
____ 94. a hypothetical water route to Asia
____ 95. people who sought an “Inner Light” to understand the Bible
____ 96. the founder of Quebec
____ 97. a place where friars tried to convert Indians to Christianity
____ 98. the Virginia legislature
____ 99. the founders of the Massachusetts Bay Colony
____ 100. the religious dissenter who founded Providence
Short Answer
Use the map to answer the following question.
101. With which Native Americans do you think that the Native Americans in the Southeast culture region traded? Explain.
102. Compare In what ways were the three major kingdoms that developed in West Africa between a.d. 300 and 1500 alike?
103. Analyze Cause and Effect What effect do you think the reconquista had on Spanish exploration of the Americas?
Use the quotation below to answer the following question on a separate sheet of paper.
“The King [Powhatan] having attentively listened to this Discourse, promised that both he and his Country would spare him [Captain Smith] what he could, the which within two days they should receive. ‘Yet Captaine Smith,’ sayth the King, ‘[S]ome doubt I have of your comming hither, that makes me not so kindly seeke to [help you]: for many doe informe me, your comming hither is not for trade, but to invade my people, and possesse my Country, who dare not . . . bring you Corne, seeing you thus armed with your men. To free us of this feare, leave . . . your weapons, for here they are needlesse, we being all friends. . . .’”
—Captain John Smith, recalling a meeting with Powhatan, 1608
104. Detect Point of View According to John Smith, what doubts does Powhatan have about the English? What does Powhatan want the English to do? How reliable is this account?
105. Compare and Contrast In 1660, the Pueblos revolted against Spanish rule. Fifteen years later, King Philip’s War erupted in the Massachusetts Bay Colony. Compare and contrast the causes and effects of the two struggles.
106. Synthesize Information Describe the impact of European colonization on Native American peoples. How did the English, French, and Spanish colonists treat the Native Americans whom they encountered? What, if any, relationships did they form?
1 comment:
where is the answer key?
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