CH1&2
____ 1. Which natural feature was the location of Ancient China?
a. Plateau of Tibet
b. North China Plain
c. Mongolia
d. Gobi Desert
____ 2. What natural barrier lies between India and China?
a. Gobi Desert
b. Takla Makan Desert
c. Plateau of Tibet
d. Himalaya Mountains
____ 3. Which river ran next to the cities of Yangzhou and Panlongcheng?
a. the Chang Jiang
b. the Huang He
c. the Xi Jiang
d. the Ganges
____ 4. What was located to the east of ancient China?
a. Plateau of Tibet
b. Korea
c. Yellow Sea
d. Mongolia
____ 5. What region of the Shang Dynasty did the Zhou not occupy?
a. the land north of the Huang He
b. the land south of the Chang Jiang
c. the land west of Hao
d. all of the above
____ 6. At what time did the Egyptians and the Mesopotamians begin to trade with one another?
a. 2000 B.C.
b. 2200 B.C.
c. 3200 B.C.
d. 3500 B.C.
____ 7. When did the Indus Valley civilization collapse?
a. 1500 B.C.
b. 2000 B.C.
c. 2500 B.C.
d. 3000 B.C.
____ 8. When did Narmer unite Upper and Lower Egypt?
a. 1500 B.C.
b. 2000 B.C.
c. 2350 B.C.
d. 3100 B.C.
____ 9. When did the first civilization develop?
a. 1640 B.C.
b. 2000 B.C.
c. 3100 B.C.
d. 3500 B.C.
____ 10. What occurred about the same time Sargon established his empire?
a. The Amorites invaded Mesopotamia.
b. Trade between Mesopotamia and the Indus Valley developed.
c. The Old Kingdom ended due to foreign invasions.
d. The Indus River Valley culture collapsed.
Select the letter of the term, name, or phrase that best matches each description. Note: Some letters may not be used at all. Some may be used more than once.
a. Fertile Crescent
b. pharaoh
c. polytheism
d. Shang
e. Hammurabi
f. loess
g. Harappan
h. hieroglyphics
i. dynasty
j. pictographs
____ 11. What ruler was famous for a uniform code of laws that unified his empire?
____ 12. Which early civilization had the first carefully planned cities with sophisticated plumbing?
____ 13. What is the region in Southwest Asia where the first civilization arose?
____ 14. In which form of writing did pictures stand for ideas?
____ 15. What is a deposit of fertile, windblown soil called?
____ 16. Which ruler was considered to be both a king and a god?
____ 17. What is a series of rulers that come from a single family?
____ 18. In which form of Egyptian writing did pictures stand for both ideas and sounds?
____ 19. What is the belief in many gods?
____ 20. Which kings consulted the gods through the use of oracle bones?
Answer the following question(s) on the back of this paper or on a separate sheet of paper.
21. Comparing How were all of the major early civilizations similar? Describe three ways in which all of the major civilizations discussed in this chapter were similar.
22. Drawing Conclusions What does the construction of the pyramids reveal about ancient Egyptians?
____ 23. At which of the following fossil sites did archaeologists find the earliest Homo erectus remains?
a. Tighenif, Algeria
b. Lake Turkana, Kenya
c. Heidelberg, Germany
d. Ubeidiya. Israel
____ 24. At what fossil site did archaeologists find the earliest Homo sapiens remains?
a. Klasies River Mouth, South Africa
b. Qafzeh, Israel
c. Liujiang, China
d. Mladec, Czech Republic
____ 25. To which continents did Homo erectus migrate from Africa?
a. Australia and Europe
b. Asia and Africa
c. the Americas and Europe
d. Asia and Europe
____ 26. What is the northernmost fossil site of Homo erectus remains?
a. Mladec, Czech Republic
b. Diuktai Cave, Russia
c. Heidelberg, Germany
d. Malta, Russia
____ 27. This map shows the extent of glaciers at what time period?
a. 10,000 B.C.
b. 18,000 B.C.
c. 100,000 B.C.
d. 160,000 B.C.
____ 28. What was the approximate global temperature 1,000 years ago?
a. 50 degrees
b. 56 degrees
c. 58 degrees
d. 60 degrees
____ 29. About how many years ago did the beginnings of agriculture take place?
a. 5,000
b. 10,000
c. 15,000
d. 20,000
____ 30. What was the average global temperature at the time when agriculture began?
a. 50 degrees
b. 52 degrees
c. 55 degrees
d. 58 degrees
____ 31. What was the approximate population at the beginning and at the end of the agricultural revolution?
a. 5 million and 90 million
b. 0 and 50 million
c. 25 million and 130 million
d. 80 million and 100 million
____ 32. During what period of time were hominids hunter-gatherers?
a. 25,000 to 10,000 years ago
b. 25,000 to 15,000 years ago
c. 10,000 to 5,000 years ago
d. 20,000 to 1,000 years ago
Select the letter of the term, name, or phrase that best matches each description. Note: Some letters may not be used at all. Some may be used more than once.
a. bronze
b. Neolithic Revolution
c. civilization
d. Homo erectus
e. Catal Huyuk
f. culture
g. Neanderthal
h. cuneiform
i. Ur
j. trade
____ 33. What is the term for the unique way of life of a group of people?
____ 34. What was the dramatic and far-reaching change in human life caused by the discovery of farming?
____ 35. What ancient city was founded on the banks of the Euphrates River?
____ 36. What ancient village, located in what is now Turkey, is known for its obsidian products and colorful wall paintings?
____ 37. What economic activity characterized the advanced cities in Sumer?
____ 38. What was the system of writing that the Sumerian scribes created?
____ 39. What are trade, specialized work, government, record keeping, and advanced technology characteristics of?
____ 40. What early species of hominids was the first to migrate, to use tools, to use fire, and perhaps to develop the beginnings of spoken language?
____ 41. What substance did Sumer's metalworkers create to make their tools harder than copper?
____ 42. The disappearance of which early species of hominids 30,000 years ago still has archaeologists baffled?
Answer the following question(s) on the back of this paper or on a separate sheet of paper.
43. Drawing Conclusions What were the achievements of Homo erectus and Homo sapiens during the Stone Age?
44. Recognizing Effects What types of specialized workers did a surplus of food supplies make possible in advanced cities like Ur? Name three types of specialized workers and describe what they contributed to city life.
Choose the letter of the best answer.
a. Mesopotamia
b. theocracy
c. empire
d. Hammurabi's Code
e. monsoons
f. Mandate of Heaven
g. citadels
h. pyramids
i. dynasty
j. feudalism
k. city-state
l. ancient Egypt
m. polytheism
____ 45. Despite its severity, ______reinforced the idea that government had a responsibility for what occurred in society.
____ 46. The ______ were built to house the pharaohs' bodies, because their spirits were believed to rule even after death.
____ 47. Evidence exists that there was movement of goods and ideas between ______ and both Egypt and the Indus Valley.
____ 48. The Chinese originally developed the idea of the ______ to justify the Zhou overthrow of the Shang.
____ 49. The priests of ______ developed a calendar of 365 days, only six hours short of the true solar year.
____ 50. By bringing together the peoples and nations of northern and southern Mesopotamia, Sargon of Akkad created the world's first ______.
____ 51. Because the rulers of Egypt were considered divine figures, Egypt's government was a ______.
____ 52. ______ developed during the Zhou dynasty when members of the royal family and nobles were granted the use of land that legally belonged to the king.
____ 53. Seasonal winds called ______dominate India's climate and affect crops.
____ 54. Cities in the Indus Valley were built with fortified areas called ______.
____ 55. Which river has its source at approximately 100° degrees E, 35° N?
a. the Chang Jiang
b. the Xi Jiang
c. the Huang He
d. the Ganges
____ 56. What geographic feature, in addition to the two rivers, influenced the location of many ancient Chinese cities?
a. the Gobi Desert
b. the North China Plain
c. the Takla Makan Desert
d. the Himalaya Mountains
____ 57. What is the approximate distance between the Chang Jiang and the Huang He at the point where they enter the Yellow Sea?
a. 200 miles
b. 500 miles
c. 700 miles
d. 900 miles
____ 58. How would you describe the extent of the Shang Dynasty compared with that of the Zhou Dynasty?
a. The Zhou extended further north and west than the Shang.
b. The Zhou occupied all the space once occupied by the Shang Dynasty.
c. The Shang Dynasty occupied more coastal land.
d. All of the above are true.
____ 59. What conclusion can you draw from the fact that the city of Hao does not lie on a river?
a. Hao had a very small population.
b. The land between the rivers was fertile.
c. The rivers changed course frequently.
d. All of the above are true.
____ 60. What was happening in the Indus Valley about the time Hammurabi's reign ended?
a. The people of the Indus Valley were creating an irrigation system.
b. The Indus Valley cities were beginning to fail.
c. The people of the Indus Valley invented a system of writing.
d. The Indus Valley was invaded by warriors from the north.
____ 61. What was happening in China around the time the Indus Valley fell to outside invaders?
a. The first cities were forming.
b. The people were designing an irrigation system.
c. The Zhou took control of the government under the Mandate of Heaven.
d. The Shang rose to power in northern China.
____ 62. How many years did the Old Kingdom last?
a. 350
b. 420
c. 440
d. 580
____ 63. Which civilizations suffered invasions by nomads?
a. Indus Valley and China
b. Egypt and Sumer
c. China and Sumer
d. Egypt and Indus Valley
____ 64. What happened in China about the time that the Amorites invaded Mesopotamia?
a. Trade began between them.
b. The first dynasty emerged.
c. The Middle Kingdom began, bringing prosperity with it.
d. The Reign of Hammurabi began.
Answer the following question(s) on the back of this paper or on a separate sheet of paper.
65. Synthesizing What role did major rivers play in the development of early civilizations?
66. Forming and Supporting Opinions What do you think was the most important achievement of each of the civilizations discussed in this chapter? Explain your choices.
____ 67. The discovery of farming and domestication brought about the Paleolithic Age. _________________________
____ 68. Homo habilis was the earliest hominid to migrate from Africa and settle in India, China, Southeast Asia, and Europe. _________________________
____ 69. One of the Neanderthals' greatest achievements was surviving the Bronze Age. _________________________
____ 70. The archaeological discoveries at Catal Huyuk added to our understanding of early cave drawings. _________________________
____ 71. The characteristic that clearly distinguishes Homo sapiens from Homo erectus is brain size. _________________________
____ 72. Sumerian scribes invented cuneiform for the purpose of writing letters. _________________________
____ 73. During the Paleolithic period, Stone Age people were farmers. _________________________
____ 74. Ur's tallest and most important building, the city's temple, was known as a ziggurat. _________________________
____ 75. One example of the new technology characteristic of an advanced city was the process by which skilled metalworkers combined two metals to make copper. _________________________
____ 76. Government, religion, and an economy are typical of specialized jobs-one of the five characteristics of civilization. _________________________
____ 77. According to the map, where did hominids originate?
a. southern Asia
b. Europe
c. eastern Africa
d. Indonesia
____ 78. At which fossil site was the most recent specimen of Homo sapiens discovered?
a. Diuktai Cave, Russia
b. Mladec, Czech Republic
c. Lake Mungo, Australia
d. Tabon Cave, Philippines
____ 79. What fossil site was situated closest to the Tropic of Cancer?
a. Lake Mungo, Australia
b. Diuktai Cave, Russia
c. Malta, Russia
d. Liujiang, China
____ 80. About how far, in miles, did people migrate from Lake Turkana, Kenya, to Tighenif, Algeria?
a. 2,000
b. 3,000
c. 4,000
d. 6,000
____ 81. What does the map suggest about why the eastern route taken by Homo erectus took a southerly dip through Asia?
a. to avoid a large desert plain
b. to avoid mountains and glaciers
c. to avoid crossing waterfalls
d. to use rivers as routes
____ 82. What was the approximate population during the hunting-gathering stage?
a. 2-3 million
b. 13-15 million
c. 51-53 million
d. 70-75 million
____ 83. By approximately how many millions did the world population grow during the agricultural revolution and post-agricultural revolution combined?
a. 76
b. 87
c. 115
d. 132
____ 84. By approximately how many millions did the world population grow during the agricultural revolution alone?
a. 85
b. 100
c. 132
d. 143
____ 85. How many degrees did the average global temperature rise from the beginning of the agricultural revolution to the present?
a. 5
b. 7
c. 9
d. 10
____ 86. What is the relationship between the two graphs?
a. Slash-and-burn farming raises temperatures.
b. Increased temperatures make animals more scarce so hunting is harder.
c. Increased temperatures make the climate better for farming.
d. With rising temperatures fewer people die of pneumonia.
Answer the following question(s) on the back of this paper or on a separate sheet of paper.
87. Forming and Supporting Opinions What do you think was more important to the progress of human development-mastery of fire or the development of language? Defend your answer.
88. Making Inferences How did the ability to create increasingly sophisticated tools and technology help early people to develop increasingly complex city life?
____ 89. How do we know that the people of the Indus Valley traded with the Sumerians?
a. The civilization boats were found in the Persian Gulf and Arabian Sea.
b. Indus seals were found in Sumer and Sumerian items in the Indus Valley.
c. Indus Valley plumbing tools were found in Sumer.
d. Sumerian bronze artifacts were found in the Indus Valley ruins.
____ 90. Why do we know so little about the Indus Valley civilization?
a. It existed for only a few hundred years.
b. There are few artifacts from the Indus Valley.
c. Its written language has not yet been deciphered.
d. It existed in a part of the world that has been largely ignored.
____ 91. What did Egyptian and Mesopotamian society have in common?
a. Women could pursue careers and own property.
b. These two early civilizations were run by women.
c. Children of both sexes were educated together.
d. All of the above are true.
____ 92. How did Sargon of Akkad form the first empire?
a. by conquering the Indian subcontinent
b. by taking control of both northern and southern Mesopotamia
c. by invading Upper and Lower Egypt
d. by attacking central China from the north and the west
____ 93. Why were Egyptian farmers more fortunate than the farmers of Mesopotamia?
a. The Tigris and Euphrates frequently changed course; the Nile didn't.
b. The Nile flooded at regular intervals; the Tigris and Euphrates flooded irregularly.
c. The Nile flowed north, the Tigris and Euphrates flowed southeast.
d. The Nile flooded more deeply than the Tigris and Euphrates.
____ 94. What did the pyramids show about the Old Kingdom dynasties of Egypt?
a. The leadership, economy, and government were strong.
b. They had access to a good supply of stone, both limestone and granite.
c. They had well-developed mathematical and engineering skills.
d. All of the above are true.
____ 95. Which of the following distinguished the cities of the Indus Valley?
a. Cities were constantly at war despite huge defensive structures.
b. Cities were laid down without thinking, forming a jumble of streets.
c. Cities were planned and had their own plumbing and sewage systems.
d. Cities were destroyed by invaders in horse-drawn chariots.
____ 96. How did feudalism in China fail in the end to fulfill its original purpose?
a. Instead of maintaining Zhou control, it led to independent lords.
b. Instead of protecting the lords, feudalism caused peasants to revolt.
c. Feudalism caused a gap between rich and poor, and this led to unrest.
d. Feudalism failed to maintain order when nomads invaded.
____ 97. What was a major advantage of the Chinese system of writing?
a. It developed from pictographs and could be read by other peoples.
b. People all over China could read it, even if they spoke other languages.
c. The Chinese written language has changed very little since 200 B.C.
d. All readers needed to know was a small number of pictographs.
____ 98. How did the Mandate of Heaven affect government in China?
a. The Mandate of Heaven led to long periods of war among families.
b. Religious leaders read oracle bones to select new rulers.
c. It allowed new rulers to justify the overthrow of a declining dynasty.
d. The ruler received a direct mandate from heaven that he should resign.
____ 99. Judging from this map, approximately what percentage of modern China did ancient China occupy?
a. 10
b. 25
c. 50
d. 75
____ 100. Which barrier limited the spread of the Shang Dynasty to the northwest?
a. the Gobi Desert
b. the Huang He River
c. the North China Plain
d. the Plateau of Tibet
____ 101. What geographical relationship existed between the Huang He and the Chang Jiang?
a. They merged at Anyang.
b. They touched.
c. They ran roughly parallel.
d. They crossed.
____ 102. How was China geographically isolated from influence by other civilizations?
a. It had geographical barriers, such as the Gobi and Takla Makan deserts.
b. It was unreachable by rivers or lakes.
c. It was separated from other civilizations by great distances.
d. All of the above are true.
____ 103. In what type of landform does the Chang Jiang river originate?
a. desert
b. plain
c. plateau
d. mountain
Using the exhibit, answer the following questions.
104. What internal problem weakened the civilizations in Mesopotamia and China?
105. What force played a role in the decline of all four river early civilizations?
106. Which civilization traded with two others, and which two were they?
107. How many years did it take after people began farming along the Indus River before they began building cities?
108. How long did the Shang dynasty last?
Answer the following question(s) on the back of this paper or on a separate sheet of paper.
109. Drawing Conclusions What was most important about Hammurabi's Code, both in terms of its value to the Mesopotamian civilization and what it reveals about that society?
110. Contrasting What religious beliefs did each of the civilizations covered in this chapter develop? How did they differ?
____ 111. What time in the past does "prehistoric" refer to?
a. before the invention of writing
b. before the Neolithic Age
c. before the establishment of civilizations
d. before the appearance of Homo sapiens
____ 112. What important characteristic did "Lucy," the earliest hominid yet found, have?
a. well-developed muscles
b. prehensile tail
c. opposable thumbs
d. very big brain
____ 113. What did Mary Leakey's discovery of footprints indicate about hominids?
a. They were a species of australopithecine.
b. They supported themselves as hunter-gatherers.
c. They walked upright earlier than had been believed.
d. They lived in a place where they had not been thought to exist.
____ 114. Which of the following was NOT in wide use during the Neolithic Age?
a. domesticated of animals
b. bronze
c. irrigation
d. fire
____ 115. Which of the following was NOT a result of the safer, more settled life of agricultural villages?
a. cultural life
b. domestication
c. specialization
d. nomadic lifestyle
____ 116. What did the discoveries in the Shanidar cave reveal about the Neanderthals?
a. They had developed tools.
b. They had developed religious beliefs.
c. They had developed agriculture.
d. They had developed a written language.
____ 117. In what well-defined social classes did the people of Ur live?
a. wealthy merchants, priests, goatherds
b. scribes, government officials, weavers
c. rulers and priests, wealthy merchants, artisans
d. priests, rulers, scribes, artists
____ 118. Historical narratives and epic poetry were a further development of what major characteristic of civilization?
a. record keeping
b. advanced technology
c. complex institutions
d. advanced cities
____ 119. Why was the development of government necessary in early cities such as Ur?
a. performance of religious affairs and duties
b. maintenance of order among soaring populations
c. preservation of the caste system
d. all of the above
____ 120. Which of the following is NOT a function served by the ziggurat?
a. storage for grains, woven fabrics, and gems
b. conducting of religious rituals
c. the location of the city's metalworks
d. hub of the government and storage of records
Using the exhibit, answer the following questions.
121. What do the fossil remains discovered in caves suggest?
122. Notice the areas where land existed in 18,000 B.C. What effects might the existence of more land by 18,000 B.C. have had on hominids?
123. Which fossil sites were most in danger of being damaged by glaciers?
124. How much time separates the oldest Homo sapiens fossil remains from the most recent Homo erectus remains?
125. What kinds of geographical obstacles would migrating humans encounter?
____ 126. By approximately how many degrees did the global temperature increase between the Ice Age and the beginning of agriculture?
a. 3
b. 4
c. 5
d. 6
____ 127. How much longer did the hunting-gathering stage last than did the agricultural revolution?
a. 5,000
b. 10,000
c. 20,000
d. 25,000
____ 128. Why were people hunter-gatherers during the Ice Age?
a. It was too cold to farm.
b. They had not developed agriculture yet.
c. Some lands were covered by glaciers.
d. All of the above are true.
____ 129. How much did the population increase during the post-agricultural revolution?
a. about 25 million
b. about 45 million
c. about 65 million
d. about 85 million
____ 130. What is the overall relationship among the three items in this chart?
a. As population grew, agriculture developed and the temperature rose.
b. As agriculture developed, temperature and population grew slowly.
c. As temperatures rose, agriculture developed and population grew rapidly.
d. All of the above are true.
Answer the following question(s) on the back of this paper or on a separate sheet of paper.
131. Comparing and Contrasting How did the development of agriculture change life for prehistoric peoples? Compare and contrast what life was like for the old Stone Age people and the new Stone Age people.
132. Drawing Conclusions It has often been said that the human being is a social animal. What evidence can you draw from this chapter to support such a statement?
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